Introduction Water is essential for life on earth. Water is a unique liquid, without it life is impossible. The importance of ground water for the existence of human society cannot be overemphasized. Ground water is the major source of drinking water in both urban and rural areas. Besides, it is an important source for the agricultural and the industrial sector. As far as the quality of ground water is concerned, many places including Bhopal have been identified as endemic to contamination du...
Introduction Waste water generated in a dairy contains highly putrescible organic constituents. This necessitates prompt and adequate treatment of the waste water before its disposal to the environment. Almost all the organic constituents of dairy waste are easily biodegradable. Hence the wastewater is amenable to biological treatment-either aerobic or anaerobic.1 Rapid growth of industries has not only enhanced the productivity but also resulted in the production and release of toxi...
Introduction Ancients monuments are regularly affected by the continuous colonization of microorganisms especially bacteria, cyanobacteria, yeast, some algae species and various fungal species. (Gorbushina et al., 2004). Fungi has greater role in the biodeterioration of monuments (Burford et al., 2003). The phototrophic microorganisms are common inhabitants of monuments. Opportunistic species of cyanobacteria and chlorophytes, present in soils and in the air, are commonly found on the surface...
Introduction I Surface water contains very high pathogenic microbial contaminants, mainly bacteria and virus, due to animal and organic matter decomposition.1 Intake of the raw water is a high risk for health that affects mainly children and old people.2 Lack of safe drinkable water is a serious problem that affects people from developing countries, conditioning health, social economical development. In fact, people are supplied with water from rivers or surface waters, without any t...
Introduction Renewable energies are going to be a main substitute for fossil fuels in the coming years for their clean and renewable nature. Solar air heaters of many types have been developed in India and their performance studied in detail .today solar energy play a very important role in space heating, food drying and refrigeration. While solar air heater is now become a very integral part of some solar system. The conventional methods of energy analysis are based on the first law of th...
Introduction Environment is a vital component of society. But with the global acceleration of industrialization and deforestation environmental problems and resource shortage is reaching a critical point. The need of the many and the greed of the few have ruptured our natural habitat and have made life on planet earth very fragile. The prehistoric man having a nomadic existence and was puzzled by the environment and may be out of fear started worshipping it. The man of the present day, the mo...
Introduction Dyes are synthetic aromatic compound, the textile industry ranks first in dye consumption for the coloration of fabric, presently more than 9000 distinetly different dyes are listed in the colour index dyes are classified into various application classes (Direct, Acid, Basic, Reactive etc.) and chemical class (Azo, Xanthane, Triphenylmethane,Thazine etc.). The dye stuffs are water soluble dispersible organic colourans,having high porential use in various industrial applications(m...
三苯基甲烷的吸附去除&将氧杂蒽染料与活性炭(F-400)进行了比较。实验结果表明，炭炭对反应性三苯基甲烷的吸附性能良好;氧杂蒽染料。活性染料在Charfines上的吸附作用服从一级速率方程。吸附数据表明，吸附ti
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Introduction Soil testing is a proven, practical method for evaluating the fertility status of soils and providing a sound basis for making recommendations in respect of fertilizers applications, soil amendment to farmers for increased crop production. Soil testing is of recent introduction but its importance in our agricultural program can hardly be over emphasized. Use of fertilizers in the country is now decidedly on the increase but their application must be guided on a scientific basis i...
Introduction Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) have grasped much attention over the last two decades because of their contribution in the formation of oxidants like ozone and PAN in the troposphere besides their health implications to human beings (Haagen3).The toxicological profiles of these compounds provide ample proof that humans are easily prone to the hazardous influence since they are diffused in the ambient air through source like motor vehicle exhaust, manufacturing and cigarette smo...
Introduction The Twentieth century started with an extensive damage to the natural resources¹. Unplanned industrialization, urbanization, pollution explosion, change in life-style, over exploitation of natural resources, commercial establishment and modern agricultural practices have degraded the quality of environment. The main effects being faced are: Continental invasion of air and water. Marine pollution through waste discharges. Release of variety of chemical...
对吸附效率进行了评价。研究了pH值、接触时间、吸附剂用量、金属浓度、粒径和温度等因素对吸附性能的影响。结果表明，吸附过程遵循Langmuir等温线和Freundlich等温线。热力学参数表明了该工艺的可行性。动力学研究已进行了解吸附机理。列圣< / p >
Introduction Main pollution in textile wastewater came from dyeing and finishing processes. These processes require the input of a wide range of chemicals and dyestuffs, which generally are organic compounds of complex structure. Because all of them are not contained in the final product, became waste and caused disposal problems. Major pollutants in textile wastewaters are high upended soilds, chemical oxygen demand, colour, acidity. and other soluble substances (Da -Hee et al. 1999). In ...
Introduction What is Ecosystem ? The word Ecosystem’ stems from the Greek word ‘Oikos’, meaning ‘Home’ and ‘systema’ or ‘System’. This word was proposed by British ecologist A.G. Tansley (1935). Thus ecosystem is a biological community of interacting organisms within their physical and chemical environment. Ecosystem embodies the terrestrial ecosystems – where the organism and their environm...
Introduction Water Quality Monitoring data consists of routine measurements of physical, chemical and biological variables that are intended to give insight into aquatic environment. However, it does not give the overall picture on the water quality status. Further need to translate it into a form that is easily understood and effectively interpreted. In general, water quality indices incorporate data from multiple water quality parameters into a mathematical equation that rates the health of...
对印度奥里萨邦Angul-Talcher地区工业化地区不同池塘的水质指数(WQI)进行了计算。水质指数可用于评价水体的时空变化，也可用于水体适宜性的分类。从研究区不同地点采集了14份池塘水样本。季风季WQI值最高为80，夏季最低为43。WQI的较高值为
Introduction Clean and safe drinking water is most primary need of living organisms. Ground water contributes 0.6 percent of the total water resources on the earth and is the major source of drinking and agriculture water in rural and urban areas. Chemical composition of the water is the major criteria for its suitability in drinking purposes especially in India where water purifying techniques are minimal. In India ground water caters to 80% of the total drinking water requirement and 50% of...
Introduction River Jhelum is lifeline of Kashmir and is the only source of water which drains the valley from South to North. It is the only ultimate source of water, which inhibits all species of fishes of valley, being the most resourceful water body. But due to various anthropogenic activities it is bringing up threat to its fauna and flora. The most precarious and deteriorative is construction of dams which have affected the hydrological features of region surrounding the dam. The Buni...
Introduction An attempt has been made to carry out CFD based analysis to fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of a solar air heaters having roughened duct provided with artificial roughness. Combined effect of swirling motion, detachment and reattachment of fluid which was considered to be responsible in the increase of heat transfer rate has been observed during CFD analysis. Nusselt number has been found to increase with increase in Reynolds number where friction factor decreases wi...
Introduction Events of substantial aeolian dust deposition on seasonal snow covers and glaciers are a common phenomenon in mid-latitude, (sub-tropical) and even high arctic regions. Such events are emerging as important environmental issues in view of their glacio-chemical and glacio-meteorological aspects. The atmosphere, an integral and huge component of biosphere, receives inputs from myriad anthropogenic activities including expanding industrial establishments. Varied emissions, inter ali...
1991年初，克什米尔喜马拉雅河谷出现了一些独特的环境污染现象，包括湖泊系统的黑雪和赤潮爆发。2002年5月，克什米尔-喜马拉雅山脉Pir Panjal山脉高山带(Gulmarg附近)的阿法瓦特冰川(4300 m.asl)发生了罕见的浑雪，这表明该地区的环境情景正在发生变化。冰期雪样的主要水化学性质
Introduction The mass media and other communication channels have tremendous effect on every sphere of human life, but its impact is not uniform in all fields, nor can it be predicted universally. There is a need to consciously use the mass media to educate and aware a large number of people about different social issues. Mass Media have the advantage of reaching a relatively larger population in a shorter time than is possible with other means. Mass Media is the way a message is dissemina...
Introduction Increasing of blood fat especially cholesterol is propounded as an important factor of aggravation of heart diseases. Now more than 100 million American suffering from increasing of blood cholesterol and about 50 million of them require remedy. In Iran 2 cities were selected, the fatality arised from various heart diseases. According to reported statistics of Tehran 13 zone, 8.8% of men and 12.7% of women were suffering from heart diseases in 1984. Metabolism manner and plasma li...
Introduction In continuation of our earlier analysis on Bore wells water,1-3 here we report the Physico-Chemical analysis of Bore wells drinking water of kapadwanj territory. Kapadwanj is located in Kheda District of Gujarat. Borewells water is generally used for Drinking and other domestic purposes in this area. The use of fertilizers and pesticides, manure, lime, septic tank, refuse dump, etc. are the main sources of Borewells water pollution.4 In the absence of fresh wate...
理化分析，如温度、pH值、溶解氧、总溶解固体、氯化物、总碱度、钙镁硬度、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、在2009年5月至10月期间，对Kapadwanj地区20个采样站的井水进行了硝酸盐测定，以评估水质指数。< / p >
Introduction Water gets polluted from leaching of ore deposits and from anthropogenic sources which include mainly industrial effluents and solid waste disposal. Industrial development in the recent past has substantially increased the level of heavy metals. Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by using inactive and dead biomass is an alternative technology for removing toxic heavy metals which cause life-threatening illnesses and pose environmental disposal problem due to their n...
水生系统中重金属的存在正造成严重的问题。本研究的目的是利用当地现有的农业废弃物清除这些重金属。本研究以三种植物(Terminalia Catappa、Dalbergia latifolia和Ficus benghalensis)的干叶为材料，研究了三种植物对水溶液中Pb和Cu离子的吸附特性。对这些叶片进行了分批吸附实验，结果表明，吸附效果为
Introduction The Effect of Cadmium on Absorbtion and Translocation of Solutes In most of the plant species, cadmium is absorbed by roots, although the rate of transmission stem is different in various species. For example in sugar beet 10-20 percent of absorbed cadmium is transferred to aerial parts (H8) while in soybean only 2 percent of absorbed cadmium is transferred to leaves26 absorbtion of poisonous metals and their transmission to aerial parts of plant and the resistance of...
镉是污染最严重的草本、有毒、重金属之一。虽然它不是植物生长所必需的，但它只是被根吸收，转移到气生器官。植物中聚集的镉是人畜食物中毒的主要来源。镉是一种天然存在于地壳中的元素。纯镉是一种像银一样柔软的金属。通常镉在环境中不是游离金属，而是与其他元素结合，如氧化镉，c
Introduction Use of cleaner fuels is potentially one of the most important policies in an effective program for reducing air pollution. There are two basic strategies in this regard: firstly, the modification of polluting characteristics of traditional fuels, and secondly, using alternative fuels. By ‘traditional fuels’ the authors mean gasoline and diesel, which are the popular fuels in Iran. Consequently, the term ‘alternative fuels’ refers to the oth...
Introduction Water is our essential nutrient that contains different amounts of dissolved inorganic and organic compounds. We can survive weeks even months without food, but only less than four days without water. Water play main role in digestion, circulation and transporting of nutrients in our body, also carrying away waste from our body. About 50 percent of water that we use provide from ground water, so it is necessary we sure from its safety. Provide of fresh water is one of basic probl...