Introduction Bhopal is the capital of Madhya Pradesh. Water samples of bore – wells water are collected in 2 litre clean polythene Jerry – cane after flushing the bore – wells to analyse. The procedure has adopted as prescribed by APHA (1985)1 NEERI (1986).4 Pre – sterilized bottles a used to collect the D.O. & B.O.D. samples, Temperature pH of water samples has measured at the sampling stations, In the present study temperature varied ...
Introduction Wardha is an important city in India due to “Bapu-Kuti” of Mahatma Gandhi. The Gitai Nagar area (Gopuri) is of historical importance being surrounded by Gitai Mandir & Vishwa Shanti Stoop. Water is one of the most precious gifts of nature to mankind. A mark deterioration in water has been noticed in number of locations in the study area. Physicochemical studies on bore well water of Dohod, Gujarat were studied1. Water quality depends on Efficacy of dis...
Introduction The retrieval of color from industrial effluent is a major problem as restriction become more stringent. Effluents from textile pulp and paper industries are highly colored due to residual dyes, and thus lower the aesthetic value structure and are toxic and harmful for aquatic and human life. The presence of color in water inhibits the growth of aquatic fauna and flora by reducing light penetration. Various techniques such as chemical Coagulation Bio – sorption, Oxidati...
刚果红的吸附。操作变量为pH值、初始染料浓度接触时间。研究了吸附等温线(Langmuir和Freundlich)和动力学模型。结果表明,FEFS的吸附量随温度升高而增大。热力学参数,比如,“G,,宝贝,H,,,宝贝,年代吸附进行评估。< / p >
Introduction Bivalves are filter feeding organisms which have the ability to uptake, accumulate and concentrate particulate matter from their surrounding environments. This capability of bivalves to uptake and concentrate the fecal coliforms (FC) from the surrounding waters can be used for the benefit of the society and assessment of public health. Use of molluscs as biological monitors for FC may be advantageous because it may provide a concentrated microbiological sample reflecting the bact...
从马哈拉施特拉邦两个地点采集的瓦楞蚌的水样和组织中分离和列举了表明水污染的粪大肠菌群计数。结果表明:nand场地污染严重,而Thane场地则明显无污染。< / p >
Introduction Rivers are lifeline of living beings and constitute an integral part of both rural and urban community as a source of drinking water and fish culture.There are 14 major rivers in India that share 83% of the total drainage basin and contribute 85% of the total surface flow.Water used by the consumers must be free from disease causing bacteria, toxic substance and excessive amount of minerals & organic matter.1 The district Wardha is situated 76 Km away from Nagpur (M.S....
Introduction Water is the prime necessity for all living beings. The study of degradation of water quality is prime importance because it affects both aquatic and terrestrial lives. Water of Varuna river flowing through Varanasi district of Uttar Pradesh, is extensively used for drinking, bathing, toilet flushing kitchen, laundry uses, lawn watering, automobile and washing etc. municipal, agricultural and industrial purposes. The average urban consumption of water in urban areas is estimated ...
Introduction Natural water resources are essential for the survive, existence and development of the human being. The main water sources are surface, grounds and rain water. Safe water, like air and food the primary need of flora and fauna system, without it any type life can’t sustained. In earlier time either waster sources ground and rain considered as the purest form of water. Now, due to large industrialization, over mining , anthropogenic activities uncontrolled population, in...
Introduction One of the important environmental problems as the consequence of the development growth is the air pollution. Air is required as a resource for life, therefore it is indispensable for us to check and control its contamination due to human activities. The increase in transport sector in the last few years has promoted a rise of the atmospheric pollution in the cities, becoming one of the main problems. Motor vehicles and other types of gasoline powered transportation as wel...
Introduction Bivalve mussels are important ecological, economical and cultural components of many aquatic communities. Being filter-feeders, they transfer energy to higher trophic levels and are used as monitors of water quality and contaminants.1 p53 protein is product of p53 gene which is a tumor suppressor gene that is fundamental in cell cycle control and apoptosis. Habitat pollution induced mutations in p53 have been shown to cause leukemia in soft-shelled clams Mya arenaria inhabitin...
p53是一种抑癌基因,在细胞周期控制和细胞凋亡中起重要作用。瓦楞双壳贝类是印度次大陆淡水生态系统的重要组成部分。在本研究中,试图检查是否从滤食性贻贝中提取和分离p53蛋白及其同源物;可作为污染标志。< / p >
Introduction In the last few decades, use of conventional energy has come under increasing attack for causing environmental pollution such as acid – rain, green house effect. Inevitably attention has been focused on alteration of these energy sources for producing electricity in the folk of reducing environmental pollution. The renewable energy source in particular, have received special attention because they do not have fuel cycle and are regarded as environmentally more benign. R...
Introduction The ever growing demands for water resources coupled with the rate at which much of the earths fresh waters are being adversely affected by human activities, demonstrate a developing crisis in the not too distinct future if environmental water resources are not appropriately managed.1 Bijapur is not an exception to this future crisis. Indeed, Bijapur with an average rain fall of 553 mm with 37.2 rainy days, is a city located in an area that suffers critically from a shor...
Introduction An idol of Lord Ganesh is worshipped with all rituals during this Ganesh-chaturthi. The time span of festival may vary from one and half day to five days, seven days or ten days also and idol are immersed in lotic or lantic water bodies. We have carried out study in South Gujarat where Ganesh idol immersion takes place in huge quantity with full of rejoice, but due to that water quality gets affected at alarming rate. For such pollution effects by idol immersion many researches h...
Introduction Soil is an organized mixture of organic matter, living organisms, air and water. Various types of soils are found in town and cities.1 Diffuse soil contamination has often been neglected in scientific literature, as most studies focus on contaminants from point-sources (either of industrial or agricultural origin). However, soil pollution from diffuse sources is recognized as one of the major soil threats. Deliberate disposal and spills from point sources have caused e...
Introduction Development, is the process of producing or creating something new or more advanced; a new or advanced product- according to the Oxford learners’ dictionary. Development has spread to different parts of the world, though its scale varies with each country. “One of the fundamental prerequisites of the achievement of sustainable development”, says Chapter 23 of Agenda 21 (the programmatic declaration emerging from the 1992 Rio de Janeiro UN Conferen...
Introduction Sound pressures and physiological effect, awareness, the basic principle of noise control are education of the general pollution, effective legislation, control of noise at source and its transmission and the use of personal protective devices. The ignorant workers working in such quarry blasting. The Central Pollutions Control Board (CPCB) has asked for a ban on all crackers with a noise level of 90dBA and above. It has also recommended that no one should be allowed burn crac...
现代生活产生了新的污染形式,称为噪音污染。噪声无疑是一种正常的生活现象,被认为是人类最有效的报警系统之一;rsquo;它的物理环境。它对环境健康可能是一个严重的信号和威胁。由于工业、机械和技术的发展,现代文明制造了越来越多的噪音。据报道,工厂内的噪音会对健康造成危害
Introduction Biocontrol agents are safe and environmental friendly alternatives for pesticides in agriculture application. Trichoderma viride performed a high level of antagonistic activity toward a broad spectrum of phytopathogens and was determined as a biocontrol agent. Trichoderma viride is a filamentous fungus that is widely distributed in the soil, plant material, decaying vegetation, and wood that can be used as a bio fungicide1,2. It is used for seed and soil treatment for suppression...
绿色木霉是一种广谱拮抗植物病原菌的生物防治剂。绿色木霉与化肥和杀虫剂更相容,可以安全地与为任何作物提供主要营养的化肥一起使用。最新的杀虫剂氯氟氰菊酯(第二代合成拟除虫菊酯)比传统农药具有更好的相容性。如果真菌与这些化学物质混合,产生的效果可能不会很严重
Introduction Cooking is major necessity for people all over the world. The problem arises when fuel is either scarce or highly expensive. The problems are encountered more pronounced in the developing countries, and particularly in villages and rural areas. Cooking accounts for a major share of energy consumption in developing countries. Most of the cooking energy requirement is met by non-commercial fuels such as firewood, agricultural residues or animal dung in rural areas. The cutting of f...
Introduction Hazardous wastes are man made activities, and adversely impacts human life and environment. The adverse impacts caused due to the indiscriminate disposal of hazardous wates (HWs). A number of potentially hazardous chemicals are now produced as finished products or by products.More than six million known chemicals, used in different Indian industries. Management of hazardous wastes has become a major concern in India as haphazard dumping of hazardous wastes results in severe envir...
Introduction Limnology is the study of hydrology that studies inland water (running and standing water, fresh and saline water), including their biological, physical, chemical, geological and hydrological aspects. This includes study of lake, pond, rivers, streams, wetland and ground water. Limnology: An interdisciplinary science with multifarious dimensions has emerged which deals with the study of structural and functional attributes of the lentic fresh water environment and problems associ...
Introduction Textile industries consume large amount of water (60-4001/kg of fabric) and chemicals for wet processing.1 The chemical reagents used in textile sector are diverse in chemical composition ranging from inorganic to organic. The inputs of wide range of chemicals, which, if not incorporated in the final products (fabric), become waste and turn out to be part of water ecology. Generally, textile effluent is colored, varying in hydraulic flow rate, having high; pH, temperatur...
为了了解纺织废水对蚯蚓种群的影响,研究人员模拟了泰米尔纳德邦纺织带的普遍情况,即废水通过水流排入可耕地。对蚯蚓的种类进行维护,并用经过计算的原废水、化学废水和生物处理的废水排放8周,记录其繁殖力和生长情况。处理后的土壤具有显著的高繁殖力
Introduction Water is the most vital source for all kinds of life on the earth.1 In India about 96 % of water resources is used for agriculture, 3% for domestic use and 1 % for industrial activity.2 In India ponds, rivers and ground waters are used for domestic and agriculture purposes. The quality of water may be described according to their physicochemical and microbiological characteristics.3 However contamination of ground water used for drinking purpose can affect public health.4 so th...
Introduction The quality and quantity of organic materials present in the soil have a direct effect on the fungal population of the soil. The development of microfungi is especially favoured by soils having an acidic reaction and where the aerobic condition is likely to be present near the surface. Fungi play a focal role in nutrient cycling by regulating soil biological activity. However the role at which organic matter is decomposed by the microbes is interrelated to the chemical composi...
Introduction Many of the states of India have alarmingly high concentration of fluoride in their water resources as reported in bulk of literature. The situation of Madhya Pradesh is also same like other states of the country. Excessive intake of fluoride leads to fluorosis which affects teeth and bones. Moderate amount lead to dental affects, but long term ingestion of large amount can lead to severe skeletal deformities called as skeletal fluorosis. Paradoxically low level of fluoride int...
Introduction The dissolved solids of water mass influence the chemical density of the environment; abundance and composition of the biotic community.¹ The alkaline and alkali earth metals are considered important in aquaculture ecosystem, but their amount if excess is harmful to the aquatic animals. Alkaline metals such as Li, Na, and K, and alkali-earth metal such as Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Ra have an approximately equal toxicity for fish.2 Magnesium, calcium and ...
研究了碱金属和碱土金属Na、K、Ca和Mg在印度重要淡水水产养殖品种rohu、Labeo rohita (Ham.)鱼苗中的生物积累。实验是在实验室条件下,将rohu蛋暴露到油炸阶段进行的一次实验;并在其他试验中从苗期到苗期后期,对不同浓度的盐类进行处理。氯化钠(0.15,1.5,15,150 mg/l),氯化钾(0.015,0.15,1.5 mg/l),镁
Introduction Sulfamic acid is strong mineral acid existing in crystalline form .It is cheap. It is used to clean equipments and vessels in food industry to remove deposits, scales and oxide films .It is also used to sulfonate organic substances like alcohol, phenol etc. As catalyst it can replace sulfuric acid which is widely used for esterification. Use of sulfamic acid as a catalyst for esterification has many advantages over sulphuric acid and other catalyst. Aim of present work was to inv...
Introduction Photovoltaic (PV) energy production is recognized as an important part of the future energy generation mix.1 Because it is non-polluting, free in its availability, and is of high reliability. Therefore, these facts make the PV energy resource attractive for many applications, especially in rural and remote areas of most of the developing countries.2 India lies in the sunny belt of the world. The scope for generating power and thermal applications using solar energy is...
Introduction The pesticides are widely used in the agriculture and households throughout the world. The total pesticide consumption was estimated to 5 billion pounds by the year 2000-2001 (Report of US Environmental Protection Agency). In India the usage of pesticide is tremendous that is 46195.16 metric tones by the year 2000 (Report of Indian pesticide registration committee). The pesticides include various chemicals such as orgaanochlorides, organomercurials, organophosphates etc. These ar...
Introduction Salt water intrusion, or encroachment is defined by Freeze and Cherry (1979) as the migration of salt water into fresh water aquifers under the influence of ground water development. Most large sources of fresh groundwater are in close proximity to the sea, to natural bodies of saline groundwater or to salts from effluent wastes released by human activities. Saline water in aquifers may be derived from any of the following sources: Encroachment of seawater in coastal area...
海水入侵严重制约了沿海含水层淡水资源的开发和管理。海水入侵是一个发生在几乎所有沿海含水层中的过程,这些含水层与海水具有水力连续性。这一过程是由海水密度高于淡水造成的。多年来,人们发展了许多模型来描述和研究海水入侵的相关问题。数值模型提供了有效的
Introduction Oil pollution is a serious environmental problem throughout the world. This pollution may be caused due to various activities in oil exploration that include geophysical explorations, drilling of wells, pressure control and management of oil and natural gas gushing from the well, transportation and refining of crude oil etc. Crude oil is a homogenous but complex mixture of hundreds of different hydrocarbons, which widely vary in their characteristics. It is reported that certain ...
Introduction A huge amount of used lubricating oils are produced worldwide. The different sources of used lubricating oils are railway workshops, industries, ship garages, defense machinery, automobiles workshops, etc. All types of lubricating oils in service in automobiles and process industries become contaminated and lose their performance due to changes in some of their properties. Therefore, such oils must be removed as used oil from the service as frequently as necessary. How to handle ...
Introduction Food grain yield is the main function of many components which, when modified have direct influence on the crop productivity as higher grain yields can be obtained by early sowing (Darwinkel et al., 1977; Arain et al., 2001; Sial et al., 2000), Temperatures above normal alter plant functions and productivity (Chowdhry, et al., 1978. Fischer, 1984: Sial et al., 2001: Araus, 2001), short heat stresses (≥35°C) in the post-anthesis period can significantly reduce gra...
Introduction Access to safe drinking water is a fundamental human need and therefore, a basic right. Contaminated water jeopardizes both. The physical and social health of all people and it is an affront to human dignity (MNB Momba et. al 2006). Increasing living standards, Growing population, rapid industrialization and wide sphere of human activities have brought greater stress on land and water, which in turn results in steadily increase in the demand for water resources. (Venkatasubramani...
Introduction Natural products have always played an important role in human society for food, health care system and economy. Human societies grow with nature for thousand of generation.1,2 A setting for cultural process, activities and beliefs system by natural environment provides to develop subsequently, landscape from a diverse cultural archive of human endeavors.3 Different cultures interact with nature in different ways; local environment and biodiversity have great impact on human life...
Introduction Phytosociology is a qualitative study of the structure of the vegetation of a particular area emphasizing quantitative relationship of a few dominant species which control the community and there by the occurrence of a large number of rare specie. From the terrestrial ecology point of view the vegetation is an important parameter which gives an insight of the status of Ecosystem. Therefore, vegetation pattern has been considered as very significant parameter of assessment of an e...
Introduction The unimpeded growth of greenhouse gas emissions is raising the earth’s temperature. The consequences include the atmosphere will eventually lead to changes in the global climate, and in the climates of regions around the world, melting glaciers, more precipitation, more and more extreme weather events, and shifting seasons and ultimately will threaten to food security everywhere (IFPRI,2009). The average global surface temperature is projected to increase by 1.4-3oC ...
Introduction Formaldehyde is an important intermediate compound used in a large variety of processes in the chemical industry. It is frequently found in wastewaters and waste gases causing environmental pollution Prado et al., (2003). Formaldehyde is also used in the industrial processing of wood, paper production, leather, resin and glue (Krick et al., (1980)). Formaldehyde is found in wastewaters in monomeric (free) form, as well as its derivatives such as ether, urea, phenolic condensates ...
从盐碱环境中分离到一个细菌群,用于在盐碱条件下降解甲醛。在3%~7%的NaCl浓度范围内,用细菌联合体对甲醛降解进行了研究。联合体使用甲醛(100-400mg/L),96h内降解。在5%NaCl(w/v)浓度下,甲醛降解效果最佳。添加促生长物质酵母可以提高甲醛的去除率
Introduction Used oils such as engine lubricating oil, hydraulic fluids and gear oils used in cars, bikes can pollute the environment. Recycling used oil is becoming the preferred way of handling used oil to protect the environment and conserve natural resources.1 Billions of gallons of used automobile lubricating oil are generated every year in the world. A number of studies to remove various pollutants existing in the used lubricating oil and simultaneously to reuse these resources...
Introduction Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management in India has always been a low priority.1 More than 90 % of the municipal solid waste is disposed off by landfilling .2 According to an estimate 45 million tonnes/year of solid waste is generated from the urban centres of India which are collected inefficiently, transported inadequately and disposed unscientifically .3 The solid waste is expected to rise to 125 million tonnes/ year in India by the year 2025.4&...
Introduction Continental margins from a link between the ocean and land is an important areas for understanding the biogeochemical cycles of heavy metals, carbon and other materials (Anderson et al., 1994; Yamada and Aono, 2003; Masuzawa et al., 2003). In addition to land-derived materials, a large quantity of particles are produced in situ by high primary production and transported away from the land to the sea through river and estuary (Kato et al., 2003). Mechanisms that promote sedimentat...
Detail 210Pb分析从重力取芯器收集的两个岩芯样品,从南中国海丁加努海岸水域提供了一个沉积物的年代学,识别了最近沉积的微妙但明显的变化。使用210Pb分析对近期沉积的调查是一个全面研究的一部分,以检查和量化过去和现在的沉积模式和速率,揭示沉积环境和它们的形态结构如何转化
Introduction It is well known that the thermal stability of polymers has been improved by copolymerization of the primary monomer with traces of a comonomer [AI-Mazroai (2000); Tirkistani (2008) and Tirkistani (2008)]. The poor thermal stability of brominated polymers, due to the weak character of the C-Br bond, has received much attention [EI-Agamey & Diab (1986) and Grassie et al., (1981)]. In this paper, bomopolymers of poly(p-bromophenyl acryiamide) (PBPA) and poly (methyl-methacr...