Introduction Heavy metals are essential trace elements for living organisms but accumulation of these elements such as Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd in living cells pose toxic effects.1,2 Therefore heavy metals fall into priority pollutants list of water quality classifications.3 Heavy metal can enter river system through natural sources such as soil erosion and anthropological activities such as discharge of waste waters with heavy metal contents, which can be generated through ind...
Introduction Now a day's ground water is primar y sources of drinking water. The quality of ground water depends on the ion, which are dissolved in ground water. The major ions which are responsible to maintain the quality of ground water are carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, sulphate, nitrate etc. These ions are present in ionic form. The cation and anions must be equal to maintain the quality of water. Cation such as calcium ion, magnesium ion, sodium, potassium etc. are also pres...
Introduction Vijaipur Fertilizer Plant is located at Vijaipur village in Radhogarh Tehsil of Guna District (M.P.) India. The Fertilizer Plant Constracted by NFL- comprises of one 1350 TPD single stream ammonia plant based on stream reformation of natural gas and 2200 TPD Urea Plant consisting of two streams each of 1100 TPD capacity. It utilized as combination of natural gas naphtha, fuel oil and filler sand at varying condition for the production of different formulation of fertilizer produc...
Introduction The Newaj river is the left bank tributary of the river Parwan which is a right bank principal tributary of Kalisindh River. In the present years due to the growth in population, urbanization, settlement of brick manufacturing plant, deforestation etc. the river is contaminated regularly and the maintenance of the quality of river water will be a severe problem in the years to come. The present study aims to assess the Newaj river water quality at different sampling stations with...
Introduction Industrialization and urbanization created serious problems of water pollution of surface water i.e. ponds, underground water tube-wells. In developing countries like India, this problem has become acute day by day. In the present study, the levels of DO were studied in the vicinity of Halsiddhanath sugar factory located at Nipani. The underground water sample were taken from twelve underground tube wells in the glass bottles by following standard procedure. Sample were taken ...
从尼帕尼镇12口管井中采集地下水样本,全年每月进行分析。我们研究了地下水中的溶解氧水平。DO含量一直在5mg /litre以上,一直上升到12.56 mg/litre
Introduction As per the definition given by international chamber of commerce the "Environmental audit is a systematic examination of performance to ensure compliance with requirements during the operational phase of industrial activity including the following components: • Full management commitment • Audit team objectivity • Professional compliance • Well defined systematic approach • Written reports • Quality assurance ...
Introduction Water is a Prime natural resource and is a basic human need. It is available in nature as surface water and ground water through the self purification mechanisms like physical, chemical and microbiological processes at natural bodies are carried out in nature. However, natural water is rarely suitable for direct consumption to human beings. Rapid industrialization and population growth resulted to generation of large quantities of wastewater and causing problem of their disposal....
Introduction Mandya district is generally called as "sugar city" of Karnataka; since sugarcane is major crop of the district. The city has a very high heritage for its cultural and historical backgrounds. A famous Mysore sugar factory is located in the city. Krishna Raja Sagar (KRS) dam, historical temples at Melukote, Tippu palace at Sr iranga patna, Vaidyanatheshwara temple, Athmalingeshwara temple etc are situated in Mandya district. Water is most common and impor tant...
Introduction Soil is essential for the survival of the living world, especially for human population. Wrong agricultural practices deteriorate the soil quality Rapid industrialization and urbanization during recent years have threatened the soil environment through consequences of pollution.1 The physico- chemical and biological properties of soil govern the gaseous balance, water transfer, plant growth and decomposition of complex organic substance in it. Any alternation in these pr...
Introduction Fish, orange molly M. latipinna is one of the most attractive and economically important among the aquarium fishes . They are marketed all over the world and yield foreign exchange to some extent. Formation of a suitable feed for fishes has become important for potential aquaculture practice and many authors have studied the effects of nutrition on growth of fishes (Mathavan 1976, Degani et al.,1985; Wahlam & Shephared 1988; Khan and Jafri 1994; Kim et al., 1996.) but l...
Introduction The Twentieth century star ted with an extensive damage to the natural resources¹. Unplanned industrialization, urbanization, pollution explosion, change in life-style, over exploitation of natural resources, commercial establishment and modern agricultural practices have degraded the quality of environment. The main effects being faced are: • Continental invasion of air and water. • Marine pollution through waste discharges. • Release of va...
以铁壳为材料,对铅(II)进行了脱除研究。对吸附效率进行了评价。研究了pH值、接触时间、吸附剂用量、金属浓度、粒径和温度等因素对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,吸附过程遵循Langmuir等温线和Freundlich等温线。热力学参数表明了该工艺的可行性。动力学研究已进行了解吸附机理。列圣< / p >
Introduction Delhi, situated at the bank of Yamuna river, between the latitudes 280 12' -280 53' N and the longitudes 760 50'- 770 23', is one of the important business centers of India and thickly populated as well¹. Average water consumption in Delhi is estimated at being 240 liters per capita per day (lpcd), the highest in the country². This demand for drinking water is supplied by the Delhi Jal Board and is wholly provided or partially sub...
4 - 5月间,对来自德里不同地区的4个地下水(钻孔)样本进行了物理化学和元素研究。水质参数如pH、总溶解固体(TDS)、总碱度(TA)、总硬度(TH)、氯离子(Cl-)、硫酸盐(SO42)、硝酸盐(NO3-)、氟离子(F-)、钙离子(Ca2+)、镁离子(Mg2+)、铝(Al)、硼(B)、锌(Zn)、硒(Se)、锰(Mn)、铁(Fe)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、
Introduction The industries, which are burgeoning at a fast rate, produce about 55,000 million m3 of waste water per day, out of which 68.5 million m3 is discharged into rivers and streams.1 Resulting the degradation of water resources, urban pollution increases rapidly by industrial development. Industrialization and urbanization lead to generation of large volumes of waste water from domestic, commercial and industrial purposes. The industrial effluent from Sitapura Industrial Area...
Introduction "Bio-Medical Waste" according to Biomedical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998 of India, means any waste which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities per taining thereto or in the production or testing of biologicals. Safe management of Health Care Waste is the process to ensure proper hospital hygiene and safety of health care workers and communities. Towards achieving this t...
Introduction India is known to be one of the 12 most important mega diversity centers of the world. India with varied habitats harbours a rich bird life. Aves constitute the most important phylum of animal kingdom. Avifauna is an important biological resource and a component of natural ecosystem. The Indian region with varied habitat harbours an incredibly rich bird life. Moreover, birds were regarded as the indicators of environment. The study of bird communities has been a major area of res...
Introduction The physico-chemical parameters, a reflection of the health of an aquatic ecosystem, are of immense significance in determining the trophic status of aquatic habitats. With its implications on the biological processes, abiotic parameters determine the planktonic and neustonic community structure thereby influencing the food chains and food web in natural waters. So, a detailed analysis of the same is always wanting, and consequently, hydrobiologists throughout the globe have alwa...
Introduction The portion of the water seeping into soil in excess of that held as film surrounding soil particles continues its downward passage until it reaches an impervious stratum at which point it tends to accumulate. The geological stratum super imposed upon the impervious layer then becomes saturated, and is known as the zone of saturation. The upper level of the saturated stratum is called the water table. The depth of the water table below the surface varies widely. A formation, whic...
Introduction Intensive industrialization has led to the introduction of a large number of chemicals in the biosphere, the habitat of all living beings, including man. The industrial units drain their effluents directly into the water bodies which pose a serious threat to the aquatic flora and fauna. The industrial effluents carry many toxic substances which are capable of affecting the genetic material of the organisms, leading to immediate and inherited mutation. A variety of somatic disease...
Introduction Shrimp farming in Bangladesh play a key role in the national economy since the early 1990s. Shrimp farming is practiced in Bangladesh as monostock of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Uddin and Kader, 2006). Before 1990s, shrimp farmers only stocked natural post larvae and harvested the marketable size of shrimps while the culture system was totally dependent on natural seed supply. At present, the entire culture of tiger shrimps almost depends on hatchery produced post lar...
通过对卡拉托利海岸和对虾养殖场之间的水质理化参数进行评估,了解水质现状。这项研究于2008年1月至6月在孟加拉国科克斯巴扎进行。每月从卡拉托利海岸采集两次水样。同样,紫外线处理和幼虫饲养池的水也从位于卡拉托利的虾孵化场收集。水温、盐度、溶解氧和pH值均大于或等于1
Introduction Water plays an indispensable role in every species that survive in this world and is required by all living organisms for their existence. Though water is a renewable resource, reckless usage and improper management water system may cause serious problems in availability and quality of water. Water may be contaminated by various means, chemically and biologically and become unfit for dr inking and other uses. The increasing industrialization, urbanization, agricultural ...
地下水水质样品采自河道两侧河岸附近,另外两个样品采自近&距频道公里有5个车站。这项研究是在2003年的夏季和雨季进行的。对样品进行了理化分析。高碱度、TDS、TH、Na和No3、BOD和COD在地下水观测站均有观测。< / p >
Introduction Population is an impor tant source of development, but it is also a major source of environmental degradation when it exceeds the threshold limits of the support systems. Population impacts on the environment primarily through the use of natural resources and production of wastes and is associated with environmental stresses like loss of biodiversity, air and water pollution and increased pressure on arable land. India supports 17 per cent of the world population on just 2.4 per ...
Introduction Water is the basic and primary need of all vital life processes and it is now well established that the life first arose in aquatic environment. Ever since the pre-historic times man has been intimately associated with water and the evidences of past civilization that all historic human settlements were developed around inland freshwater resources have conclusively proved it. Even today it is the major consideration for all socio-economic cultural, industrial and technological de...
Introduction Iron is one of the major impurities that is commonly found in many sources of water. Iron deposited in the distribution system may promote the growth of microorganisms leading to high contamination in drinking water.1 Iron pipes may release corroded iron in water. Chlorine and Bleaching powder added to drinking water as a germicide, oxidizes and corrodes iron. The iron content is prescribed to 0.3 ppm or less as a drinking water quality standard.2 Although iron is an ...
Introduction These include air conditioning cooling towers or evaporative condensers1-4. It has also been isolated from surface water from a stream, from mud from a stream bottom5, and from lake waters not associated with epidemics. In its natural environment, the bacterium resides within freshwater amoebas such as Acanthamoeba and Hartmenella, but the organism can also infect humans upon the inhalation of contaminated aerosols. Invasion and replication in alveolar macrophages can lead to pne...
嗜肺军团菌经常从军团病患者中分离出来,在某些情况下也从与流行病有关的环境样本中分离出来。建立了一种选择性培养基,通过动物接种法成功地从环境标本中分离出嗜肺军团菌和类军团菌。嗜肺军团菌是一种革兰氏阴性兼性细胞内细菌,是军团菌的病原体#39; 疾病。这个中等的骗局
Introduction Climate change has a direct influence on human health. Apart from affecting the human health climate change also influences the vector of infectious diseases. Climate change and its influence on the vectors of infectious diseases has been a subject of serious debate and study (Shope, 1991). Most of the mosquitoes are sensitive to climate and primary vectors for many diseases. The primary vector for dengue fever virus transmission to humans is Aedes species. The global warming ...
Introduction Chemicals are part of the modern life. They are part of all spheres of human life and used as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, detergents, fertilizers, dyes, preservatives, food additives etc. Pharmaceutical wastes produced on a daily basis may be land filled provided that they are dispersed in large quantities of general waste. Cytotoxic and narcotic drugs, however, should never be land filled, even in small quantities. Mild liquid or semi-liquid pharmaceuticals, such as solutions c...
在这项研究中,土壤样本是从制药工业,即塞米拉制药,金奈。在含10mg苯酚和萘的矿物琼脂培养基中,筛选出10个菌落,命名为P1~P10。筛选出的菌落在含苯酚和萘的液体培养基中富集5天。富集的菌落在含有苯酚和萘的矿物琼脂平板上形成条纹
Introduction Pesticides are chemicals that have widely been acknowledged to be useful to man in a variety of ways that include a sure grantee for food supply via control of unwanted weeds and pests, safeguard for public health via eradication or reduction of harmful pests, to protection of buildings from termite attack and so on. DDT, referred to according to its trivial name, Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane, as a chemical, is classified as an organochlorine, or chlorocarbon; that is, a...
Introduction With the accelerated pace of change in the 21st Century as a result of technological opportunities, liberalization of world markets, demands for innovation, quality and speed, both manufacturing and service organizations need to readjust and realign their operations to counter all these challenges. This pace of change has increasingly forced organizations to be more outward looking, market oriented and knowledge driven. Useful tool that can help businesses build strong capabiliti...
Introduction The electrochemical behaviour of copper is of considerable interest in many areas of technology, including solar cell,1 integrated circuits2 and heat exchangers.3 Hence, the cyclic voltammograms of this metal has been extensively studied, particularly in alkaline solutions4-7 which affords more resolution than the conventional galvanic technique. The anodic behaviour of Copper in alkaline environments leads to the formation of an oxide film ...
用循环伏安法研究了铜电极在不同浓度NaOH溶液中的循环伏安;rsquo;s(CV和;rsquo;s) 技术。此外,还利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱分析(EDAX)进行了表面检查和形态研究。发现的四个阳极峰依次对应于Cu2O单层、CuO和CuO22厚层的形成,最后对应于Cu2O的形成
Introduction It has been said many times over that Science and Technology is the engine of economic gowth1. Yet there has not a simple formula that correlates economic growth with science and technology or research and development. This paper is an attempt to develop a simple mathematical formula that relates economic development to research and development. Formulating a module of an economic development based on Research and Development (R&D). Fundamental Principle 1 Huma...
建立了经济发展与研究与开发的简单关系式。一个国家从事的科学研究和开发越多,经济就越发达。研究与发展指数(RDI)也已建立。RDI可以作为衡量一个国家经济发展水平的良好指标。也就是说,一个国家是非常发达,中等发达还是低发达
Introduction Energy extraction from wind involves very complex technology and dynamic nature of wind with continuous changing direction and speed has made the procedure more cumbersome1. The effects of drag and tip-losses should be taken into account for optimum design and peak performance prediction. Instead of conventional trial and error method to reach maximum elemental power coefficient at a radial station, it should be reached directly through analytical approach2. A relationship among ...
本文提出了一种基于解析法的新方法。转子的设计及其峰值性能的产生,将叶片分为100个径向元件。确定了各工位的叶片弦、扭曲度和基本功率系数。速度干扰因子收敛和功率系数最大化所需的迭代过程。设计过程从最大功率点开始,而不是先搜索最大功率点,然后再执行
Introduction Rhesus mother and infant relationship is the most intimate and long lasting of all the relationships Rowell et al.,1 (1964). The infants of rhesus monkeys begin life completely dependent on their mother for survival, receiving all nourishment, physical warmth and other basic biological support from her Harlow et al.,2 (1963), Hinde and Spencer-Booth3 (1967). Rhesus mothers are usually very restrictive as they restrict the movements and social contacts of their infants from approa...
本通讯涉及表现恒河猴母亲与婴儿关系的行为模式。这项研究对一支由152人组成的部队进行了一年的时间,该部队居住在巴胡堡地区,该地区位于查谟、K州塔维河岸边海拔325米的小山丘上。结果表明,成年恒河猴母亲的各种母性活动(拥抱、梳理、眼神接触、接近等)均呈阳性(p < br >
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