Introduction Recent agricultural practices i.e the use of fertilizers pesticides, herbicides and biocides etc. are employed to increase the soil fertility and crop production to feed an increasing population in a developing country like India. Excessive use of fertilizers by man is one of the major source of environmental pollution. Fertilizer enriched soil1 cannot support microbe population. Hence, humus and essential micro and macro-nutrients become efficient in such soils. These soils...

Introduction Water one of the most abundantly available material on the earth is 70-80% of the earth crust. Ground water is a primary source of water in several towns and in rural areas and plays an important role in overall balance of environment. The quality of ground water is continuously changing as a result of natural and human activities. The physiological importance of trace elements in agriculture is well known while some of the elements like iron manganese, zinc and copper are cons...

Introduction Water is the basis of existence of all life form in our biosphere of all the planets renewable resources, water has a unique place. It is essential for sustaining all forms of life, food production, and economic development and for general well being. The cause of chemical aquatic pollution are4-6 of numerous types among various chemical polluted high fluoride concentration has been reported from several states of India .Fluoride pick up in the surface water in India i...

Introduction Water is most essential to life next to air only.Safe drinking water is the primary need of every human beings.Village population mainly depends upon ground water sources.The quality of ground water depends on the ions which are dissolved in ground water.The ground water day by day get deteriorate or polluted due to contamination of chemicals as well as fertilizers which comes from factories and big farms as well as domestic effluents. Zinc is a very essential micronutrient ...

Introduction Water is one of the most essential requirements of human beings, animal and plants. Therefore, quality of water plays a vital role for their survival. Indian rivers being polluted day-by day due to inputs of untreated industrial effluents, domestic and sewage water along with agricultural wastes and decaying materials of human, animals and plants.4,12 A number of water borne diseases are caused due to polluted water which results in large scale death.6 Keepi...

Introduction The most urgent need today is to increase the production of nutritious food in a sustainable manner and improve nutritional security, while conserving the natural resource base. Vegetables are the vital sources of minerals, vitamins and dietary fibers play an important role in supplying nutrition to human health. Vegetables require comparatively lesser quantities of agro-inputs to grow.1 Large areas of agricultural soils are contaminated by heavy metals like Pd, Cr, Ni, Hg a...

Introduction According to a 1997 market estimate, approximately 5684 million pounds of pesticide active ingredients are applied throughout the world1 and the release of waste from all pesticide industries will be in direct proportion to the quantity of pesticide produced. Pesticides leaching from agricultural fields and dumping sites to groundwater is an environmentally relevant and highly variable process.2 Sub-surface leaching of contaminants from landfills and waste dumps causes...

Introduction The three percent of global fresh water is large enough to meet the requirements of man for million of years. The stupendous increase in world’s population resulting in spurt in urbanization, industrialization, agriculture etc., has put tremendous presence on the limited fresh water resources there by threatening the fresh water bodies with pollution. In India only 12% of people get good drinking water (Kudesia, 1980). In adequate management of water resources as dire...

Introduction Water is the most essential thing in living system. In last few years the water pollution problem has reached a crisis point. The term pollution is defined as the deterioration in chemical, physical and biological properties of water by human and industrial activity. The Industrial wastes, sewage and agricultural run off can overload ground water with chemical wastes and nutrients and make water supply toxic.1 Jhunjhunu district is situated in north-East Part of Rajasthan St...

Introduction In Nigeria, the growing rate of industrialization is generally leading to contamination and deterioration of the environment. Thus industrialization and heavy metal pollution are positively correlated.1-5 The concentration of various elements in the air, water and land may be increased beyond their natural levels due to agricultural, domestic and industrial effluents. When the substances in the effluent discharges in the environment are in very minute amounts in low co...

Introduction Water quality is terms used to define the physical, chemical, biological of radiological characterstics by which a particular type of water may be establish its acceptability for various beneficial uses.2-4 Material and Methods All the chemicals used were of AR grade. Double distilled water was used for preparation of reagents. Six strategic locations were chosen for the sampling of water. Those are Koni Petrol Pump (Station-I), Indira Setu (Station-II), Old Bridge (Stati...

Introduction Water pollution is a major problem in the global context. Contaminated water can transmit a variety of infectious diseases. Thus, proper treatment and maintenance of water and regular water testing can minimize risk of waterborne infections. Water quality is the composition of water affected by natural processes and human activities. Industrial and municipal discharge of contaminated sewage waters and chemical wastes and by-products are the major sources of water pollution. ...

Introduction Soil frequently receive a wide range of contaminants from industrial activities, sewage sludge , disposal , metal processing and energy production and many cases remediations both expensive and intrusive to the ecosystem, phytoremediation is the use of plant’s and plant processes to remove degrade or render harmless hazardous materials present in the soil or groundwater. This emerging technology may offer a cost-effective, non-intrusive, and safe alternative to conven...

Introduction Allium sativum (Garlic) is commonly used as a condiment particularly in fish and meat preparations, and in various fruit and vegetable preserves. It has some medicinal properties including effectiveness for high blood pressure, rheumatic and muscular pain, and for giddiness and sore eyes. It is digestive and carminative, and it removes pain in the bowels. It heals intestinal and stomach ulcers. It is nature’s best antiseptic for the alimentary canal. It is highly effi...

Introduction Studies have shown that water quality in aquatic systems has strong impact on biological components (Harding et al., 1999; Ometo et al., 2000). According to river continuum concept, community structure and function conform with certain geomorphic, physical and biotic characteristics such as stream flow, channel morphology, detritus loading, size of particulate organic matter, autotrophic production and thermal loading (Vannote et al., 1980). However, this concept seldom holds i...

Introduction Water is one of the most important and essential elements in the development of the country. It is estimated1 that the consumption pattern will increase as the time proceeds with the growing demand of the food production. The earlier work1 suggests that in Delhi there is a continuous decline in the water level i.e. 30 cm per year. This decline not only makes the water get scare but also brings it to saline, hampering the plant growth or vanishing the vegetation cover from the t...

Introduction Rivers have been used by man since the dawn of civilization as a source of water, for food, for transport, as a defensive barrier, as a source of power to drive machinery, and as a means of disposing of waste. Rivers water finds multiple uses in every sector of development like agricultural, industry, transportation, aquaculture, public water supply etc. The growing problem of degradation of our river ecosystem has necessitated the monitoring of water quality of various rivers ...

Introduction Sarkoot pond is situated in highly mountainous area in district Kishtwar of J&K state. The pond being picturesque can be developed as a tourist spot once restored with its pristine beauty, its water quality improved and fish cultured and introduced for sport. This pond has the potential of being a good source of fishes as it contains a healthy amount of zooplanktons like rotifers and copepods. Both rotifers and copepods are well recognized secondary consumers and an imp...

Introduction Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae is a rod-shaped, motile, gram-negative, nitrogen-fixing bacterium which fixes nitrogen on legumes such as lentils, peas and vetches.1,2 These legumes like others are important in the provision of body-building minerals, calcium, vitamins A and B, thiamine, niacin and oil.3-7 Various research studies including works on rhi (rhizosphere-expressed) genes are being carried out on legume-rhizobia interaction to improve yields. These ...

Introduction Water is the most ubiquitous material in nature and is the most vital and fascinating of all God’s creation. It is the most important raw material for mankind and is called “Liquid Gold”. It is mainly because of this magical substance only that earth’s temperature is maintained reasonably uniform at an average of 16 °C. Without water its temperature would have varied as on moon where it is 100°C during days and - 130&d...

Introduction Brewing, the preparation of beer from carbohydrate material by means of the action of yeasts is a few decades old in Nigeria. It started in 1949 with the establishment of Nigerian breweries limited in Ibadan and since then malted barley has been the major source of carbohydrate used. Corn, rice, cassava, millet and sorghum are other sources of carbohydrate used. They are commonly used as adjunct and where utilized wholly they were used with less success relative to malted barle...