Introduction Mangroves were productive and serve as a biologically significant component of the sea, land and tropical interface of subtropical regions.1 Mangroves serve as a chief component in planning of resource conservation.2 The mangroves in the gulf form a significant part on the basis of their occurrence from approximately 26°N in the border of Saudi Arabia.3 In order to evaluate the significance of mangroves in Gulf, a brief overview of the mangrove ...
红树林受到某种生态状况的严重威胁,因此需要对这些物种进行严格的管理和保护。对保护沿海地区的生态系统至关重要。这些植物在遗传学方面的多样性是很清楚的,但根据文献报道,海湾国家的这些物种的遗传变异是分散的。当前综述的主要目的是收集所有可用的文献
Introduction Management of natural resources and monitoring of environmental changes is one of the major factors essential for the formulation and implementation of proper land use plans for the development of any country. Land use and Land cover (LULC) change detection is an effective strategy which can be adopted for proper land use planning to determine the interactive effects of heterogeneity and disturbances occurring on the earth surface. Land cover can be defined as the observed (bio) ...
Introduction Coal which is commonly called as the black gold of India contributes a major part to its commercial energy production and is widely used in the power industry to generate electricity. However, as compared to other fossil fuels, coal is more pollution intensive and the energy efficiency is very low.1 Moreover its transportation and combustion have deleterious consequences which are borne by the Indian society as well as the people around the world. A number of th...
Introduction Bangladesh is predominantly an agricultural based country within the south Asian region. Chittagong is the second largest and commercial capital in respect of developing and expanding among the cities of Bangladesh. Due to expedition of these city industrial activities, population growth, Agricultural practices, other manufactures, industrial effluents and oil and gas are discharged in a river named Karnafuly. Different estuary of river present in Bangladesh and among them Karnaf...
一项研究调查了2014年1月至6月孟加拉国吉大港Karnafully河水质参数的变化。于2014年1月至6月,每月5日采集水样。从Karnafully河的三个点采集水样,带进实验室进行分析,并使用不同的标准规定的方法进行分析。测定了pH、EC、TDS、总硬度、
等8个水质参数Introduction Trend analysis of rainfall on various scales (spatial and temporal) during the past century derived a vital importance, since the global climate change was studied with the past historical records. The event and uniform distribution of rainfall is considered as prime importance in scheduling and management of water requirement and agricultural production. The deviation in the amount of annual rainfall received in any place has great consequences in planning of irrigation...
对印度泰米尔纳德邦西部农业气化带哥印拜陀和侵蚀区100年(1916-2015年)降雨的点位不均匀性和时变性进行了分析检验。简单的描述性统计和变异系数(CV)被用来了解降雨的变异。西南季风(SWM)的长期平均降雨量为(176.9 mm)和(176.9 mm);(257.9 < / p >
Introduction After precipitation, the temperature is found to be an essential meteorological parameter of climate. It is also considered as a good indicator to understand the global climate as it signifies the exchange of energy process over the surface of the earth with proper accuracy (Shukla et al., 2015 and Jhajharia & Singh., 2011). In 2007, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) stated the growing tendencies of temperature is about 0.74°C of mean temperature in...
本文考察了气候变化对印度中央邦45个站点季风前(3 - 5月)、季风后(6 - 9月)、季风后(10 - 11月)、冬季(12 - 2月)和年度(1 - 12月)平均温度时间序列的影响。撞击检测采用Mann-Kendall法找出单调趋势,Sen’s斜率法识别1901年至2005年(105年)的伟大趋势。之前的趋势分析突出o
Introduction The midland exposed laterite biotope associated with diverse ecosystems and microhabitats represents the most imposing and extremely threatened topographical floristic and faunistic features in the northern part of Kerala. Lateritic hills of the study area are unique with high microhabitat diversity and associated rich floral components.1 The diversity of plants, habitats, topography and climates influence distribution, diversity and abundance of butterflies2,3 and they ...
2013年2月至2015年1月,对Kavvayi河流域红壤生境的蝴蝶多样性进行了研究。研究区域代表了不同的栖息地,包括神圣的树林、红土山、河岸生态系统和kanams。研究区共记录蝴蝶140种,其中蛱蝶科最多(48种),其次为花蝶科(32种)、灰蝶科(27种)、凤蝶科和斑蝶
Introduction Zoos are the places that enable human-animal interaction and they are visited by more than 700 million people annually1,2. Zoos, as places that help public to learn through reflecting the relationships of animals in nature3-8, have the important mission of educating and protecting wild life9. These missions can largely be achieved with the help of successful visitor experiences. Therefore, it is significant to understand visitor experiences in the zoo and to know the reasons that...
Introduction The land use pattern is one of the important aspects for analyzing the structure, composition and phyto diversity for understanding the vegetation dynamics of the existing sites. The farmers have adopted the trend of growing trees around agricultural land due to significant economics as well as social benefits. But it will be worthwhile to work out an integrated approach with the help of agricultural and forestry scientists, depending on the suitability of crops and locations.15&...
Introduction Waste management is a global environment issue, which constitutes a very significant problem in today’s world. Since improper waste management places inhabitants at risk, urban waste management is presently receiving greater attention from municipalities in developed and developing countries because of its impact on public concern for the environment1,2-3.There is a considerable amount of waste disposal without proper segregation, which is leading to both economic and e...
Introduction Groundwater is an important source of fresh water supply for use in domestic, agricultural and industrial sectors in major part India. Inconsistent monsoon rainfall, deficient surface water and over draft of groundwater resources inspire to acquire knowledge of the occurrence, replenishment, and recharge of groundwater7. Increase in demand for water has led to the water scarcity and water quality deterioration in Indo-Gangetic basin2-6. Indiscriminate development of groundwater i...
Introduction Haryana is the northwest state of India and located between 27º39’ to 30º35’N latitude and between 74º28’ to 77º36’E longitude. It’s climate is arid to semiarid with average rainfall of 354.4 mm. Around 29% rainfall is received during the monsoon season (July to September) and remaining is received during winter season (December to February). To cultivate the land, irrigation depends upon the ca...
Introduction Hospital could be a place of almighty, an area to serve the patient. Since starting, the hospitals are legendary for the treatment of sick persons. However we are unaware the concerned the adverse effects of the rubbish and filth generated by them on land and atmosphere.1 The last century witnessed the fast mushrooming of hospital within the public and private sector, set by the requirements of increasing population combined with the arrival and acceptance of “...
Introduction Forest cover act as buffer and creates a specific understory microclimate that differs from the surrounding local climate.1 Monitoring the microclimatic data in various micro-habitats of different ecosystems would provide unique data on the long-term impact of global change on microclimate changes.2 As microclimatic variations effects are usually stronger during summer and the middle of the day in different types of forests.3-4 Microclimatic variations ...
Introduction Life on earth cannot be sustained without water. Among the components of the hydrological cycle, rainfall is considered as the principle source of water to earth. In India, rainfall shows very high spatial and temporal variability. The mean yearly precipitation ranges from under 100 mm in the western Rajasthan to more than 2500 mm in north-eastern territories.1 A large portion of the precipitation in India happens affected by southwest storm between June to September wit...
Introduction Pure drinking water is one of the basic needs for every human being in the world. For a large portion of the African and Asian populations, safe drinking water is not effectively accessible.1 Out of the 7 billion individuals on earth, more than one billion and half need to get pure and safe drinking water and around 2.7 billion do not have admittance to satisfactory sanitation administrations.2-3 Notwithstanding these deficiencies, different ...
产品上通常会提到处理过的和塑料瓶装饮用水中必需元素的必要参考事实。然而,关于处理过的、瓶装的和其他饮用水来源(如自来水)中微量元素的更多信息有时是至关重要的,以评估其质量。这项研究的目的是评价位于沙特阿拉伯王国西南地区的吉赞省的主要省份(吉赞、萨比亚和阿布阿里什)的饮用水质量。Th < / p >
Introduction The growth of plants inside glasshouses is often necessary in order to create marketable plant products out of season. Glasshouses are entirely or partially closed constructions, in which there is manual or automatic control and regulation of the values of meteorological parameters for fulfilling the requirements of the cultivated plant species.1 One of the key factors that impacts glasshouse plant production is inside air temperature (T).2 The estimation of thi...
Introduction The conventional method of soil fertility management consider entire fields as a single group of soil and also while calculating requirement of fertilizer as a single field. Recitation of soil spatial variability in the field has a huge difficulty, in the use of latest advanced tools and technologies Viz. Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and many others were commenced. Many scientists demonstrated in studies conducted at various locations, GI...
Introduction Waste water from industries represents a challenge to biological and conventional physicochemical treatment methods considering for both effluent composition and volume of discharged.1 Among various industries, textile industries waste water discharge is a major environmental problem throughout the world, because it contains various synthetic dyes which lead to environmental pollution.2 It has been considered that using of more than 10,000 (worldwide) commercial...
Introduction Throughout the previous century, rise in temperature and surge in CO2 concentration because of innumerable factors comprising alteration land usage pattern4 and greenhouse gas (GHG) emanations from agricultural and industrial zone,8 have caused variations in the earth’s climate. This surge in the GHG’s emanation is expected to impact the earth’s temperature, precipitation, pattern of storms and sea levels.3,1,6 The noticeab...
Introduction Water is one of the most important and abundant compounds of the ecosystem. All living organisms on the earth need water for the irsurvival and growth1and2 The quality of water usually described by its physical, chemical and biological characteristics.4and6 India is facing a serious problem of natural resources scarcity, especially that of water in view of population growth and economic development.3,7and12 Most of fresh water bodies all over the world are getting pollut...
Introduction The rapid increase in the population accompanied by intense agricultural and urban development has caused a high demand for groundwater resources. This has led to large scale groundwater development, as well as water quality issues and sometimes without responsible management as well as without due attention to quality issues.2 Fluoride (F-) is one of the most undesired elements present in underground water extracted for drinking purposes and its presence higher than the...
地下水是印度旁遮普省西南半干旱地区的主要饮用水来源,该地区目前面临严重的盐碱化和氟化(F-)问题。在旁遮普西南半干旱区巴廷达地区进行了一项研究,以评估盐度和F-浓度。对21个地点的地下水样品进行了分析,59%的样品被发现超过了允许的导电性(EC)限值1500 & S/cm1。氟化物浓度超过了世界卫生组织的标准(